How much is concrete a yard - You should only use the size of your first floor and not the total square footage to determine your concrete slab cost estimate. First Floor Size. Average Price for Concrete Slab Foundation. 1,000 sq ft. $3,000. 1,500 sq ft. $4,500. 2,000 sq ft. $6,000.

 
Hours for ordering concrete are 7:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Friday. Orders taken before 7:00 a.m and after 5:00 pm will be scheduled as truck availability permits. Just a Reminder. Proper site preparation and organization are essential to Quality Service.. Class puppy training

I want to construct a circular slab of concrete measuring 5 ft high. I want to figure out how many bags of 40 lb concrete I need to do this. The outer diameter is 10 ft and the inner diameter is 9 ft. The price of the concrete is $108 per cubic yard. The ready mix concrete calculator does the following calculations:There are 45 80-pound bags and about 60 60-pound bags of concrete in a cubic yard. Each 80-pound bag of concrete covers about 0.6 cubic feet. There are 27 cubic feet in a cubic yar...Like many construction materials, concrete is measured and sold in cubic yards. In the construction industry, you'll hear people talking about how many ...Gravel prices are $10 – $50 per ton, $15 – $75 per yard, $1 – $3 per square foot, or $1,350 per truck load. Crushed stone delivery is included up to 10 miles. Start your search. Join as a pro ... Bulk gravel costs $15 to $75 per cubic yard on average. Crushed concrete, sand and gravel mix, and crushed shells are the …To pour a 4-inch slab that measures 1 square yard, use six 80-pound bags of concrete, and for a 6-inch slab, use eight 80-pound bags of concrete. One 80-pound bag of concrete cover...17 Aug 2023 ... How many yards of concrete do i need for a 30×40 slab?If you have a 30×40 slab with 4 inches thick, you would need 15 cubic yards (396 cubic ...A solid slab of concrete weighs 4,050 pounds (2 tons) per cubic yard on average or 150 pounds per cubic foot. The actual weight of concrete depends completely on the density, the amount of water used in the mix, and the components used to make the concrete. These things and more add to the weight of any given concrete structure. How Much Does a Yard of Concrete Cost? According to Angi and the landscaping website Lawn Love, the average cost of a yard of concrete is between $110 and $150 per cubic yard. For most sizable ... Get the slab volume = Length x Width x Thickness = 14 x 12x ⅓ = 56 cubic feet. Convert cubic feet to cubic yards by dividing by 27 = 56/27 = 2.07 cubic yards of concrete. Determine wastage at 3% = (3/100) x 2.07 = 0.081 cubic yards. Get a total by adding wastage and slab volume = 2.07+0.081 = 2.151 cubic yards.The average cost for a 12′ x 24′ concrete patio is about $2,800, or $10 per square foot. The typical range for a concrete patio, depending on design, color, and texture, is $6 to $20 per square foot. This gives you a total range of $1,728 for a plain slab to a vibrant custom design that costs $7,500 . A classic gray slab with a …How Much Does a Yard of Concrete Cost? According to Angi and the landscaping website Lawn Love, the average cost of a yard of concrete is between $110 …It typically comes in two capacities: 6-7 Cubic Yards: These smaller trucks are ideal for smaller projects, residential work, or projects with limited access. They can hold between 6 to 7 cubic yards of concrete. 8-9 Cubic Yards: For larger construction projects, you’ll often see concrete trucks with a capacity of 8 to 9 …One cubic yard of concrete weighs around 4,000 pounds. Concrete is measured in cubic yards. Concrete is made out of sand, gravel and cement. Cement is made out of limestone, silica...22 Oct 2021 ... How To Pour A 60 Yard Concrete Slab In 90 Minutes ... Massive Concrete Pour | 300 Yard shop floor in 12 hours ... How Much Does Concrete Cost? - ...Foundation Cost. A typical 1,200-square-foot house foundation costs $6,900 to $16,200 for a concrete slab, or about $40,000 for a full unfinished basement. A floating slab for a mobile home runs $4,600 to $14,000, while a standard 24’ x 24’, 2-car garage foundation costs $3,100 to $4,800. Average foundation cost - chart.The wheelbarrow capacity will determine how many loads it takes to complete 1 cubic yard or 27 cubic feet of concrete. Generally, a 3 cubic foot wheelbarrow requires 9 loads (3x9=27). The article includes ways to calculate the amount of concrete you need based on its weight as well as the number of loads …31 Mar 2022 ... Convert cubic feet to cubic yards by multiplying by . ... How much does concrete edging cost? ... Whether you're looking to remove a concrete floor ... If you need the volume in cubic yards, simply divide the estimate of cubic feet by 27 to calculate yards of concrete needed for the project. For example, if your area is 10 feet by 10 feet and you need a depth of 3 inches, you’ll need approximately 25 cubic feet or about .93 cubic yards of concrete. **70 MPa Mixes and Higher includes HSF Cement, Superplasticizer and Temperature Control. Segmentation Pricing. RESIDENTIAL HOUSING. Price. Footings & Walls 20 ...Concrete is one of the most used building materials in construction projects. Whether you are building a house, constructing a driveway or laying the foundation of a skyscraper, co...How Much Does a Yard of Concrete Cost? According to Angi and the landscaping website Lawn Love, the average cost of a yard of concrete is between $110 …How Much Does a Yard of Concrete Cost? According to Angi and the landscaping website Lawn Love, the average cost of a yard of concrete is between $110 …Landscaping Articles. The average concrete cost is $133 per cubic yard, with a range between $119 to $147 per cubic yard, including delivery up to 20 miles. However, concrete prices vary by region, and you will have to pay a delivery fee for ready-mix concrete, moreover, labor charges too, if hiring a contractor.The average cost for a 12′ x 24′ concrete patio is about $2,800, or $10 per square foot. The typical range for a concrete patio, depending on design, color, and texture, is $6 to $20 per square foot. This gives you a total range of $1,728 for a plain slab to a vibrant custom design that costs $7,500 . A classic gray slab with a … Since concrete is sold by volume and measured by cubic yards, it can be tricky to figure out how much to order. Our concrete calculator will help you determine how much concrete you need for your project. Once you’re ready to place an order, Ozinga’s dispatch team will work with you to find the right mix and schedule your pour. Click “Calculate” in the concrete footing calculator above to get an estimate of how much concrete will be needed. For example, if you need a footing that is 6’ long, 12’ wide, and 8” deep, the equation would look like this: (6 x 12) x 8 = 576 cubic feet. Then divide that number by 27, which is the number of cubic feet in a yard, and ...Feb 27, 2024 · Concrete is a relatively cost-effective material when compared to stone or brick. Anticipate spending about $6 per square foot for the raw material, ranging from around $4 to $8 per square foot ... 6 inches. $6.00. 8 inches. $8.00. Many installers price concrete slabs by cubic foot or cubic yard. A cubic yard of concrete—equivalent to 27 cubic feet—will cover an 81-square-foot area with 4-inch-thick concrete and cost $113–$126.Calculate concrete volume of a wall. Using measurements in feet: Volume in Cubic Feet (ft 3) = Thickness x Length x Height. Volume in Cubic Yards (yd 3) = Volume …Concrete is a versatile and durable material that is used in many construction projects. It is important to know the average price of concrete per yard before beginning a project. ...3 days ago · Fill volume = core volume per concrete block × number of concrete blocks needed. Fill volume = 0.006424 m³ × 90 concrete blocks. Fill volume = 0.57816 m³. From our calculations above, we can now say that we need around 0.5782 m³ of concrete or mortar to fill the concrete blocks that we will use to construct our wall. A solid slab of dry concrete weighs around 4,050 pounds per cubic yard, which is equal as 450 pounds per square yard. Wet concrete weighs about 4,150 pound per yard. Bag concrete weighs about 3,600 pounds per yard. Broken or crushed concrete weighs about 2,025 pounds per yard. This weight is for average 3,500- 4,000 psi concrete. How Much Does a Truckload of Concrete Cost? According to Lawn Love, a truckload (10 cubic yards) of concrete costs $1,025 to $1,395 (CAD 1,375 to CAD 1,870), depending on various factors such as your geographic location and the company you use. Ten cubic yards is enough to pour a driveway measuring 20 feet by 24 feet. Cost to …All costs have been calculated at a rate of $6 per square foot. Concrete Slab Installation Cost Estimate. Average Cost (24x24), $3,460. Highest Cost (40x60) ... Concrete can be purchased in multiple forms, including in 60 or 80-pound bags, or delivered in large amounts by specialized concrete mixer trucks. Proper mixing is essential for the production of strong, uniform concrete. 14 Mar 2019 ... Base for composite index, 1987, involves 210,078,000 cubic yards of roadway excavation, 30,893,690 square yards of portland cement concrete ...To help you out, we’ve put together this quick guide on how many 80lb bags of concrete are in a yard. –. One yard equals 3 cubic yards or 2760 cubic inches; one bag of cement is …24 Jun 2019 ... Calculate concrete prices and how many cubic yards of concrete you need for a walk, driveway or basement.Ready mix concrete prices are priced on average between £100 – £150 depending on the quality of the concrete. They are priced per cubic metre and it’s important to know how much concrete you need before getting a price. For ready mix concrete prices in London, Surrey and beyond, simply start typing your postcode above to reveal the ...The average cost for a poured concrete patio is $2,532. Most homeowners can expect to pay between $1,533 and $4,740 or between $4.40 and $16 per square foot for materials and labor. Prices will vary depending on your concrete patio’s design, durability, and location. A low-scale concrete patio project costs around $650, while large-scale ...In January 2024 the cost to Install a Concrete Pad starts at $8.83 - $10.78 per square foot*. Use our Cost Calculator for cost estimate examples customized to the location, size and options of your project. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.2 Aug 2020 ... Total cost per yard for materials: $35 cement, $16.85 stone, $11.85 sand = $63.7/yd. That leaves $136.30 per yard to cover ...... concrete with their own half-ton truck (equipped with hitch receiver). For ease of reference, 1 cubic meter roughly equals 1.3 cubic yards. Business Hours ...When it comes to building projects, concrete is one of the most important materials you can use. It’s strong, durable, and versatile, making it a great choice for a variety of appl...Concrete cost per yard ranges from $92 to $200 per yard depending on the PSI of the concrete. Concrete prices per yard based on the PSI of the concrete: …In January 2024 the cost to Install a Concrete Driveway starts at $8.63 - $10.54 per square foot*. Use our Cost Calculator for cost estimate examples customized to the location, size and options of your project. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and …Average costs of concrete removal in 2024. The average cost to remove concrete nationwide is $1,380, with prices mostly ranging from $585 to $2,790. For very small or simple jobs, costs start at $265, while larger or more complex removals can cost as much as $6,600.Get quotes from up to 3 pros! Enter a zip below and get matched to top-rated pros near you. Gravel prices are $65 per yard on average or about $1 to $3 per square foot, including materials, delivery, and installation. However, you could end up paying anywhere from $20 per yard to $250 per yard, depending on the type of gravel …Material costs also go up with larger walkways and sidewalks. For the average 200-square-foot sidewalk, you’ll need around 2.5 cubic yards of concrete. This will cost you around $250. The typical 130-square-foot concrete walkway will require around 1.6 cubic yards of concrete, totaling around $160. The table …Typical Range: $679 to $2,848 or $2 to $6 per square foot. Low End: $260. High End: $7,703. On average, most homeowners pay $1,444 for professional concrete slab removal. The typical price range for concrete removal is between $679 and $2,848 or between $2 and $6 per square foot. Total costs might fall below or above the average …As a general rule, you'll find concrete priced between $140 and $200 or more per cubic yard. If you are ordering a full load of 10 cubic yards the price will be somewhere in the $1,000-$1,300 range. With the …Yard. Definition: A yard (symbol: yd) is a unit of length in both the imperial and US customary systems of measurement. Since 1959, a yard has been defined as exactly 0.9144 meters. It is also equal to 3 feet, or 36 inches. History/origin: The origin of the yard as a unit is unclear. It is an English unit (predecessor of imperial units) and …Square or rectangular area. To calculate how much gravel you need to cover a rectangular area you need to multiply the volume by the gravel density. The volume formula for a rectangular (or square) box in cubic feet is height (ft) x width (ft) x length (ft), as seen in the figure below: For example, to fill a box with a width of 3ft and a ...Jan 7, 2021 · Two 60lb-bags of concrete cover an area of about 2 square feet for a slab that is 6 inches thick. How much is a truckload of concrete? A truckload of concrete can usually hold a maximum of 10 cubic yards. How much is concrete a yard? The cost of concrete per cubic yard depends on which brand you purchase, but usually costs about $110 for bags. construct the base with concrete (a minimum of 150 millimetres (mm) thick) on compacted and blinded hardcore that is at least 150mm thick. reinforce the concrete base to minimise cracking and ... The calculator will indicate the number of 60 or 80 pound bags of QUIKRETE® Mortar Mix you need to construct your project with a 3/8 inch mortar joint. (All yields are approximate and do not include allowance for uneven subgrade, waste, etc.) Enter Number of Bricks or Blocks Desired: For 8 inch x 2 inch x 4 inch Bricks. Number of 60 lb. Bags: 10 Jun 2023 ... There are lots of ways to pour concrete, and today I'm showing you the simplest approach I know of. All ... I'm far from being an expert in ...Show more. When it comes to pricing, the average cost of privacy fence installation is $3,300, ranging from $1,600 on the lower end all the way up to $7,000 on the higher end. Fences are a great ...This is the formula for yards of concrete. (L x W) x H ÷ 27. For a square or rectangular slab: Measure the area in feet to get square footage. Multiply length by width, and then by thickness. Divide the number by 27 to get cubic yardage. Example: 20' x 20' slab that's 6" thick. (20 x 20) x .5 = 200.How much does it cost to fence a yard? $5 – $25 cost per foot. $1,500 – $3,000 average total cost to fence a yard. The cheapest fence you can install is wire fencing at $2 per foot on average, while a 6-foot high wood privacy fence costs $13 to $25 per linear foot, and vinyl fencing costs $15 to $30 per foot. Check out …To pour a 4-inch slab that measures 1 square yard, use six 80-pound bags of concrete, and for a 6-inch slab, use eight 80-pound bags of concrete. One 80-pound bag of concrete cover... Depending on the grade of your land and the quality or pattern of the concrete, the national average price for delivery of ready-mix concrete is about $108 per cubic yard, or between $8 - $18 per square foot. Most companies require a minimum order of one cubic yard for delivery, plus a delivery surcharge. Be sure your site is prepared for the ... Typical Cost To Install a Concrete Patio Average: $1,700 - $3,160. See costs in your area. By Leo Bender | Apr 20, 2023. Concrete Slab, Footing, Column and Stairs Calculator.Concrete costs per yard are much lower than most other patio materials available. For a simple 10-foot by 10-foot concrete patio, costs could total as little as $600.Foundation Cost. A typical 1,200-square-foot house foundation costs $6,900 to $16,200 for a concrete slab, or about $40,000 for a full unfinished basement. A floating slab for a mobile home runs $4,600 to $14,000, while a standard 24’ x 24’, 2-car garage foundation costs $3,100 to $4,800. Average foundation cost - chart.A yard of concrete weighs 3700 pounds. If you divide 3700 pounds by 2000 pounds you get 1.85 Tons. A cubic yard of concrete weighs 1.85 Tons. If you practice the metric method of measurement: A cubic meter of concrete weighs is 2400 kg. A metric ton is 1000 kg. If you divide 2400 kg by 1000kg you get 2.4 metric tons A …Concrete is measured in cubic yards. 1 cubic yard of concrete is 3 feet wide by 3 feet high by 3 feet deep. (3' x 3' x 3') There are 27 cubic feet in one cubic yard. A cubic foot measures 12 inches wide x 12 inches high by 12 inches deep. When you calculate yardage for your concrete slab, patio, floor, or driveway, you do it depending on how ...The average cost of concrete is $119 to $147 per cubic yard, which includes delivery up to 20 miles. Pouring plain concrete costs $5 to $10 per square foot depending on the quality, while colored, stamped, or stained concrete costs $8 to $18 per square foot to install. Discover More ›.Concrete & Masonry. Concrete Calculator. Calculate the concrete material needed to pour a slab, patio, footing, column, or post-fill-project in cubic yards or pre-mix bags, and estimate the cost of materials. …16 Jul 2012 ... ... yard more for every 50 ... Construction Math-how to calculate cubic feet and cubic yards for concrete ... How Many Cubic Yards Do You Need? How to ...A yard of concrete weighs 3700 pounds. If you divide 3700 pounds by 2000 pounds you get 1.85 Tons. A cubic yard of concrete weighs 1.85 Tons. If you practice the metric method of measurement: A cubic meter of concrete weighs is 2400 kg. A metric ton is 1000 kg. If you divide 2400 kg by 1000kg you get 2.4 metric tons A …Among the facts and figures in- cluded in the survey are : • The ave rage value per cubic yard of ready mixed concrete in 1968. i n c reased to $15.12 from ...It holds 30 cubic yards of waste. A 40 yard dumpster is 8 feet wide x 22 feet long x 8 feet high. It holds 40 cubic yards of waste. *A cubic yard is 3 feet wide x 3 feet long x 3 feet wide. Weight will vary for a cubic yard. For example, a cubic yard of popcorn will weigh significantly less than a cubic yard of housing shingles.Concrete trucks come with massive mixer tanks that hold 8 cubic feet on average. However, you can push the limit and get 10 cubic feet of concrete. In cubic yards, these figures translate to 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. While these numbers might seem insignificant, figuring out how much surface area a truckload of …10 Jun 2023 ... There are lots of ways to pour concrete, and today I'm showing you the simplest approach I know of. All ... I'm far from being an expert in ...On average, concrete costs about $130 per cubic yard, with a range of $110 to $150 per cubic yard. Another option is to order concrete by the truckload, which typically contains about 10 cubic yards of material. The average truckload of concrete costs between $1,100 and $1,440, though it varies by company.The total concrete you need is: Volume in Cubic Feet = Volume in Cubic Feet Under Platform + Volume in Cubic Feet Under Steps. Volume in Cubic Yards (yd³) = Volume in Cubic Feet (ft3) / 27. Volume in Cubic Meters (m³) = Volume in Cubic Feet (ft3) x 0.0283. Calculate how much concrete you need with Empire Ready Mix's …7 Jan 2021 ... How do I calculate how much concrete I need for a slab? · Measure the area in feet. · Multiply length by width, and then by thickness. · Divide&...Step 1 - Site Work. Before concrete can be poured, the site needs to be prepared to reduce the chance of heaving from expansive soils and frost. On small projects, use hand to tools to clear the area of all grass, rocks, trees, shrubs, and old concrete, exposing bare earth. Earth moving equipment speeds up the process, especially for …18 Feb 2023 ... ... concrete and screed for floors, foundations and bases - Rapid Readymix Concrete. ... HOW MUCH CONCRETE DO YOU NEED? Read our ... yard. VIEW GALLERY ...6 inches. $6.00. 8 inches. $8.00. Many installers price concrete slabs by cubic foot or cubic yard. A cubic yard of concrete—equivalent to 27 cubic feet—will cover an 81-square-foot area with 4-inch-thick concrete and cost $113–$126.How Much Does Concrete Cost Updated for 2023 · The average cost of a yard of concrete in the U.S. is between $120.00 and $155.00. · EXAMPLE: · EXAMPLE: .....Concrete is a popular material used in construction and landscaping projects. It’s strong, durable, and relatively inexpensive. But how much does concrete cost per yard? The answer... Looking at this perplexity, you may be wondering how much concrete weighs. A solid slab of concrete weighs 4,050 pounds (2 tons) per cubic yard on average or 150 pounds per cubic foot. The actual weight of concrete depends completely on the density, the amount of water used in the mix, and the components used to make the concrete. When it comes to making concrete, it’s essential to get the right mix of sand and gravel to achieve the desired consistency. For a 1:2:3 ratio of sand to gravel, you will need 2 parts sand and 3 parts gravel. To make one cubic yard of concrete, you need seven bags of cement in your wheelbarrow, half a cubic yard of sand, and just over three ... The average cost of concrete slab installation is around $5,400. Most concrete slab projects cost between $3,600 and $7,200. Residential concrete slabs are useful for supporting the weight of cars ...

Their weight per yard may fluctuate a little, but in general you can use 3700 pounds per cubic yard. How much does a yard of concrete weigh in tons? In the U.S. a Ton is equal to 2000 pounds. A yard of concrete weighs 3700 pounds. If you divide 3700 pounds by 2000 pounds you get 1.85 Tons. A cubic yard of concrete weighs 1.85 Tons. . Chest binders

how much is concrete a yard

Material costs also go up with larger walkways and sidewalks. For the average 200-square-foot sidewalk, you’ll need around 2.5 cubic yards of concrete. This will cost you around $250. The typical 130-square-foot concrete walkway will require around 1.6 cubic yards of concrete, totaling around $160. The table …A yard of concrete is equal to about 80-90 bags of 40-pound concrete bags, depending on the brand and how it is mixed. Specifically, a 40-pound bag of concrete yields about 0.45 cubic feet of concrete. Since a cubic yard is equivalent to 27 cubic feet, it would require approximately 60-65 bags of 40-pound concrete … How It Works. Math is hard enough; take a load off and use our best-in class concrete calculator to quickly calculate how much concrete you'll need in 3 easy steps. Calculate based on numerous types of dimensions and an unlimited number of each. Let's get calculating! Oct 7, 2023 · Choose Round Column (or Round Slab) on the calculator. Enter Height 4 ft (or 48 in) Enter Diameter 10 in. Calculate and the answer is 0.08 cubic yards for one concrete tube. Multiply 0.08 x 50 = 4 total cubic yards of concrete for 50 tubes. Note that this calculation is the volume of your tubes only and does not account for any overflow or loss ... 90 40-lb bags make 1 yard. 60 60-lb bags make 1 yard. 45 80-lb bags make 1 yard. For example, to approximate the number of 40-pound bags needed for a 7.71-yd 3 concrete slab, you will multiply 90 x 7.71, equaling about 694 bags needed. Quick Tip: It’s better to overestimate the amount you need so you don’t come up short. How much does a yard of crushed concrete weigh? A cubic yard of crushed concrete can weigh from 2,400 to 2,900 lbs based on its density. The density can vary based on the properties of the original concrete mix design, the crushing process, and the size/grading of the crushed concrete. For example, if you’re building a 1,000-square-foot patio that’s 4 inches thick, you’ll need 8.3 cubic yards of concrete. You can also use our Concrete Calculator for calculating concrete. You can use online calculators or consult with a concrete contractor to determine how much concrete you need for your specific project.I want to construct a circular slab of concrete measuring 5 ft high. I want to figure out how many bags of 40 lb concrete I need to do this. The outer diameter is 10 ft and the inner diameter is 9 ft. The price of the concrete is $108 per cubic yard. The ready mix concrete calculator does the following calculations:Oct 7, 2023 · Choose Round Column (or Round Slab) on the calculator. Enter Height 4 ft (or 48 in) Enter Diameter 10 in. Calculate and the answer is 0.08 cubic yards for one concrete tube. Multiply 0.08 x 50 = 4 total cubic yards of concrete for 50 tubes. Note that this calculation is the volume of your tubes only and does not account for any overflow or loss ... Poured concrete costs $3 to $5 per square foot for materials alone. There's also delivery. A truckload of concrete (10 cubic yards) delivered to your doorstep ...Get quotes from up to 3 pros! Enter a zip below and get matched to top-rated pros near you. Gravel prices are $65 per yard on average or about $1 to $3 per square foot, including materials, delivery, and installation. However, you could end up paying anywhere from $20 per yard to $250 per yard, depending on the type of gravel … Looking at this perplexity, you may be wondering how much concrete weighs. A solid slab of concrete weighs 4,050 pounds (2 tons) per cubic yard on average or 150 pounds per cubic foot. The actual weight of concrete depends completely on the density, the amount of water used in the mix, and the components used to make the concrete. Looking at this perplexity, you may be wondering how much concrete weighs. A solid slab of concrete weighs 4,050 pounds (2 tons) per cubic yard on average or 150 pounds per cubic foot. The actual weight of concrete depends completely on the density, the amount of water used in the mix, and the components used to make the concrete. In general, concrete is sold by the cubic yard. The average concrete cost per yard is $125 to $150. Design and Shape. Concrete driveways don’t just have to be a rectangle or square. Depending on ...In general, concrete is sold by the cubic yard. The average concrete cost per yard is $125 to $150. Design and Shape. Concrete driveways don’t just have to be a rectangle or square. Depending on ...14 Mar 2019 ... Base for composite index, 1987, involves 210,078,000 cubic yards of roadway excavation, 30,893,690 square yards of portland cement concrete ....

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